Comparing Diagnostic Efficacy of Pap Smear, Liquid-Based Cytology and HPV DNA in Cervical Cancer Screening

Priyanka Biradar; Reshma Begum

doi:10.59786/bmtj.316

Authors

Priyanka Biradar Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences , Khaja Bandanawaz University, Kalaburagi, 585104, India https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1366-2419
Reshma Begum Khaja Bandanawaz Teaching & General Hospital, Kalaburagi, 585102, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5429-1056

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59786/bmtj.316

Keywords:

Cervical Carcinoma, Pap smear, Liquid based Cytology, Human Papilloma Virus

Abstract

This study aimed to compare the efficacy of conventional pap smear with liquid based cytology (LBC) in screening cervical cancer. It also studied the presence of HPV (Human papilloma virus) infection and its diagnostic accuracy to predict cervical carcinoma was also studied. The study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Mysore between December 2020 and February 2023. A total of 50 women presently with cervical abnormality were clinical examined followed by cervical sample collection for pap smear and LBC. The sample remining from the LBC was subjected to HPV DNA testing. A biopsy specimen was taken for the study participants to confirm the diagnosis and calculate sensitivity, specificity, and overall diagnostic accuracy for all three screening tests.The mean age of patients were 42.82 ± 4.6 years with 56% from rural area and 78% belonging to socioeconomic class IV and V. Sample adequacy of the LBC was 98% while that of pap smear was only 82% (p<0.05). The concordance rate between LBC and pap smear was found to be 84%. The sensitivity of LBC, pap smear and HPV DNA was 95.0%, 42.0% and 89.4% while the specificity was 100%, 100% and 93.5% respectively. The study found LBC to have greater efficacy than the Pap smear in terms of both sample sample adequacy and diagnostic accuracy. The smear findings of LBC and pap smear had good concordance. HPV DNA testing had the lowest diagnostic accuracy when compared to the other two test. Therefore, we conclude LBC to be a better screening test over pap smear and HPV DNA for cervical cancer in the absence of economic constraint.

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